The impact of historical trade routes on lexical borrowing in Igbo language in Onitsha
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Background of the Study
Historical trade routes have long been catalysts for linguistic exchange, and the Igbo language in Onitsha is a prime example of this phenomenon. As a major trading hub, Onitsha has facilitated interactions between the Igbo and various external cultures, leading to significant lexical borrowing. Terms related to commerce, technology, and social organization have been integrated into Igbo, reflecting influences from Arabic, European, and other African languages (Okeke, 2023). These borrowings have enriched the Igbo lexicon, yet they also pose challenges for language standardization and education. By examining historical records, trade documents, and oral narratives, this study investigates how trade routes have shaped the vocabulary of Igbo over time. The research aims to identify patterns of borrowing, the semantic shifts associated with these borrowings, and their broader impact on Igbo language evolution (Ugo, 2024; Eze, 2025).
Statement of the Problem
Despite recognition of the role of trade in lexical borrowing, there is limited research on its specific impact on the Igbo language in Onitsha. The influx of foreign words has led to a dynamic yet sometimes fragmented vocabulary, complicating efforts to standardize the language (Okeke, 2023). This lexical diversity, while culturally enriching, may hinder formal language instruction and communication clarity. The study seeks to fill this gap by systematically examining how historical trade routes have influenced Igbo vocabulary, thereby providing insights for language educators and policymakers (Ugo, 2024).
Objectives of the Study:
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To document instances of lexical borrowing in Igbo.
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To analyze the influence of trade routes on vocabulary change.
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To propose strategies for managing lexical diversity.
Research Questions: -
What are the key borrowed terms in Igbo from trade interactions?
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How have trade routes influenced Igbo lexical evolution?
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What measures can standardize vocabulary while preserving diversity?
Significance of the Study
This study is significant as it elucidates the impact of historical trade on Igbo vocabulary, aiding in the understanding of language evolution and informing educational practices. The insights will support efforts to balance language standardization with cultural richness (Okeke, 2023; Eze, 2025).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
Limited to lexical borrowing in Igbo in Onitsha; excludes other linguistic influences.
Definitions of Terms: -
Lexical Borrowing: The process of adopting words from one language into another.
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Trade Routes: Historical pathways facilitating commercial and cultural exchange.
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Igbo Language: The language of the Igbo people in Nigeria.
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